Elite hackers from Russia have their sights set on airports and power plants around the world, along with the internet. Confidential data from Moscow, obtained by DER SPIEGEL and its partners, now provide a look inside their arsenal of cyber-weapons and…
Still, it is possible to discover what they and their company have been working on over the past decade. One example is a system that bears the codename"Amezit.” The goal of the system is to gain control of flows of information in specific regions, according to one description in a document bearing the heading:"Software Purpose.
Putin himself was head of the FSB at the end of the 1990s. Today, the agency is his most important tool when it comes to suppressing the opposition in Russia. As DER SPIEGEL and the investigative platform Bellingcat discovered, it was an FSB commando that apparently attempted to murder opposition leader Alexey Navalny in Siberia in summer 2020. FSB agents covertly smeared the nerve agent Novichok on his underwear.
As such, it would seem that the Vulkan team’s business trip to the FSB site at Rostov-on-Don was part of a typical business relationship. In his email, Vulkan executive Maxim Andreyevich D. asked his team to quickly prepare a presentation"of our software platform for the military representative in Rostov.” The demonstration of"Amezit” and several of its sub-systems was to take place over the course of several days. According to the emails, the present-day Amazon employee Sergey N.
According to the document, up to 30 IT experts were to be trained using"Crystal-2V” in performing attacks on critical infrastructure. Included in the program is"knocking out the control systems of rail, air and shipping transport” and other"vital” areas such as electricity and water supply. In addition, the program is designed to train them in blocking access to the global public information system – an apparent reference to the internet.
According to the leaked documents,"Scan-V” is intended to automate these steps. The information gathered is then analyzed and proposals are made for how an attack might be structured. It even appeared in an indictment from 2018 that caused a stir around the world. The indictment stemmed from the investigation by Special Counsel Robert Mueller into Russian influence on the 2016 presidential election in the U.S. In the document, the high-rise in Khimki is referred to as"The Tower.
A few months later, Moscow launched an attack that is considered to be the most consequential hack ever performed. The perpetrators used a popular Ukrainian tax software to disseminate a malware program called"NotPetya.” It spread rapidly, encrypting infected computers and making them unusable. Because multinational companies were infected, the effects of the attack quickly spread beyond the national borders of Ukraine – and soon, around the world.
Furthermore, the tools were successively refined by Vulkan over the course of several years. And 10 years ago, one of the company’s employees was involved in a global attack launched by one of the best Russian hacker groups – a finding from an analysis performed by Google, which DER SPIEGEL is now making public for the first time.
But the fact that Google was able to draw a line from"MiniDuke” to Vulkan was the result of a mistake made by the hackers: They used the same IP address to rent a control server that they had also used when registering the Google account that was used to send the malware."Definitely a slip-up,” says an IT security expert from Google. The discovery led Google to block the email account, but the global hacking campaign could no longer be stopped.
Hontsharuk figured he only had one choice: He had to take the servers offline to prevent lasting damage. But doing so would cut off hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians from the internet. And many of them were trapped in bunkers, with the internet as their only source of information about where and how the Russian military was advancing, and whether their families were still safe.
Vulkan helps with that effort as well. At the behest of the FSB, the company’s software engineers developed a surveillance software to control the Russian population – codename:"Fraction.” The goal is the automated surveillance of online activities."A system,” as it is described in the documents,"to monitor and identify activities in social networks.” A web-based"Big Brother” designed to scan social media posts for suspicious content and then save that content.
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